Secondary Recovery schemes, including pressure maintenance, have become almost standard in the development of oil fields throughout the world in an effort to increase recoveries at minimum cost. The primary mechanism used is water injection - water is cheap, readily available and immiscible with the oil - but requires specific treatments to ensure reservoir problems are minimized. Furthermore as water is injected water will be produced in increasing amounts leading to additional (or different) treatment prior to injection or disposal.
By the end of this training course, participants will enhance their competencies in the following areas:
- Decision making process for stimulation and work over techniques.
- Evaluations of well performance and the equipment required.
Enhanced Oil Recovery Processes:
Introduction,
- Review of Geology and Hydrocarbon Accumulations
- Surface Tension
- Wet ability
- Capillarity
- Saturation
- Fluid Displacement
- Reservoir Drive Mechanisms
- Oil Recoveries
- Production Engineering Overview
Decline Analysis
Pressure Maintenance Schemes
- Line Drive Water Floods
- Pattern Water Floods
- Other Tertiary Schemes Injection Water Sources:
- Produced Water
- Quantities
- General Impurities
- Treatment Overview
- Fresh Water
- Quantities
- Treatment Overview
- Sea Water
- General Impurities
- Treatment Overview Injection Water Quality Requirements:
- Solids,
- Dissolved Solids
- PH
- Basic Review of Chemical Calculations
- Precipitate Reactions and Their Significance
Introduction to Clay Mineralogy and Its relationship to Formation Damage and Solids Control Produced Water Handling:
- Inlet Separation
- CPIs
- Filtration
- Skim Tanks
- Oil in Water Emulsions
- Treating
- Polishing Equipment
- Flotation
- Disposal Options
- Regulatory Requirements Biological Water Treatment:
Introduction
- Problems Caused by Organisms in Water
- Plugging
- Types of Microorganisms
- Problem Definition and Scope
- Sampling, Monitoring
- Treatment for Control
- Biological
- Lagoons
- Biological Tower
- Bio-Disc Corrosion: Water Treatment:
- Introduction • Principles: Subsidence
- Filtration
- Dissolved Gas Removal
- Coagulation
- Chlorination
- Iron Removal
- Water Softening
- Silica Removal
- TDS Removal
- Application to Sea Water Operations and Operating Problems
- Skim and Settling Tanks
- Parallel Plate Separators
- Filters, Gas Flotation Units
- Lime Soda Process
- Coalesces
- Ion Exchange Unit
- Electrostatic Theaters Design Considerations:
- Water Source,
- Water Problems,
- Water Quality Needs
- Compatibility,
- Scales,
- Corrosion Control
- Recycling Economics
- Discussions
- Case studies
- Course Evaluation and Summary
- This practitioner level course targets junior operating staff involved in the field
- operation of water treatment facilities, including development and operations
- Petroleum and production engineers with up to five years’ experience including some hands on field exposure and an understanding of existing field operations.
- The course will allow a better understanding of the reasons for water treatment, the options available including engineering needs to select and design the equipment and operation of the facility.