Upon successful completion of this course, the delegates will be able to:

• Understand the generator models and control.
• Describe the dynamics of generators in power systems.
• Understand the concept of stability in power systems.
• Understand the operation of a generator connected to the system.
• Recognize the voltage/frequency controllers in generators.
• Discuss different types of loads connected to the power systems.
• Describe the concept of voltage stability and frequency droop.
• Model the dynamics of governor and automatic voltage regulator (AVR).
• Understand the concept of stability and operation in multi-machine power systems.
• Explain the step-by-step process of power flow analysis.
• Understand and explain different solutions for power flow equations.
• Understand the basics of economic dispatch. The power system operation training course consists of the following lessons, which can be revised and tailored to the client’s need.

Power System Background

• History of the power generation
• Origins and evolution of the Electric Grid
• What is a generator?
• What is a transmission line?
• Distribution system
• Substations
• Definition of loads
• Improvements in modern power plants
• Legislation and governance
• DOE, FERC, NERC, ERCOT, RTO’s and ISO’s

 Fundamentals of Electric Power

• Structure of the Electric Power System
• Operation of the Electric Power System
• Wholesale Electricity Markets
• Power System Planning
• Transmission and distribution (T&D) power grids
• Electricity-generating capacity
• Local and regional demand centers
• Electricity distribution system
• Distribution lines

Power grid challenges and opportunities

• Today’s Electric Grid
• Interconnections of the Electric Grid
• Global challenges and Opportunities
• Transmission Network and System Operations
• Blackouts
• Transmission Capacity
• System Operations
• Integration of Variable Energy Resources
• Interconnecting Variable Energy Resources
• Transmission Expansion
• Distributed Generation and Electric Vehicles
• Distributed Generation
• Micro Grid
• Electric Vehicles
• Opportunities in Distribution System Operation
• Electricity Demand
• Utility Regulation
• Regulatory objectives and processes
• Challenges for regulatory policy
• SCADA, cybersecurity, and Information Privacy
• Cybersecurity of the Electric Grid

Different Power System Levels

• Generation levels (power plants)
• Transmission levels
• Sub-transmission levels
• Stations and substations
• Distribution level

Synchronous Machines (Generators)

• Basic operation principles of synchronous machines.
• Rotor and stator definition
• Field and armature windings
• Magnetic flux in the airgap
• Voltage generation.
• Dynamic model of generators
• Mechanical dynamics
• Swing equation

 Single Machine Infinite Bus (SMIB) Concept

• Maximum power transfer in SMIB.
• Power angle stability criterion
• Voltage stability criterion
• Voltage collapse
• Effect of Loads
• Real-time Operation
• Load forecasting
• Frequency and ACE value
• Real-time Contingency Analysis (RTCA)
• Constant loads
• Constant admittance loads
• Constant power loads
• Dynamic loads
• Power electronic based loads
• Electric vehicle charging
• Load restoration techniques
• Tap changer transformer

 Generator Control

• Voltage control
• Definition of AVR
• AVR model
• AVR dynamics
• Frequency control
• Definition of Governor
• Governor dynamics
• Primary frequency control
• Secondary frequency control
• Multi-area frequency control (ACE concept)

 Power Flow Analysis

• AC power flow
• DC power flow
• Solutions for power flow
• Gauss iterations (Gauss-Seidel)
• Newton-Raphson
• Fast decoupled solution

 Economic Operation of Power Systems (economic dispatch)

• Formulation of economic dispatch problem
• Classical economic dispatch
• Economic dispatch considering generator and line limits
• Penalty factors

 Monitoring and Control

• Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)
• Outage Management System (OMS)
• Energy Management Systems (EMS)
• Distribution Management Systems (DMS)
• Distribution Automation (DA)
• Demand Response (DR)
• Substation Automation (SA)

 Power Grid Evolution

• Electric Power Struggles
• Smart Grid evolution
• Microgrid and Distributed Power Generation
• Renewable energy
• Sociotechnical transitions
• Climate change and mitigation
• Need for planning
• Reserves monitor
• Interchange scheduling

 Hands On, Workshops and Group Activities

• Labs
• Workshops
• Group Activities

Sample Workshops and Labs for Power Grid Operation Training

• Simulating Transmission Lines with Matlab
• Simulation of Synchronous Machines
• Single Machine Infinite Bus Example in Matlab
• Demand Response Simulation and Case Study
• Lab on Generator AVR and PSS Control
• Experiment on Frequency Control for Generators
• Voltage Control by Generators Case

• The power system operation training is a 5-day course designed for:
• Finally, power system operation training course will briefly introduce the economic dispatch in power system including generator cost functions considering transmission lines and generator limits.
• All individuals who need to understand how the electricity is generated in power plants and how the stable operation is achieved in power systems.
• Faculty members from academic institutes who want to teach the power system operation course.
• Investors and contractors who plan to make investments in this industry.
• Marketing people who need to know the background of the products they sell.
• Technicians, operators, and maintenance personnel who are or will be working at power plants or power system generation companies.
• Managers, accountants, and executives of power system industry.
• Scientist or non-electrical engineers involved in power system operation related projects or proposals.