Power equipment are critical assets of distribution utilities and failures would have considerable economic and service level impact on the operation of distribution utilities. With the increasing age of these equipments, it is of paramount importance embark on program of condition and health assessment of power equipments in service so to ensure failure risks and appropriate mitigating decisions and actions could be instituted and avoid any catastrophic failures. Sweeping changes in maintenance paradigm across many T & D utilities from traditional calendar or time-based to condition-based are highly evident and efforts are now being channeled to explore techniques to monitor, diagnose and assess condition of power equipments. This has led to the development of various on- and off-line non-intrusive testing techniques aimed at diagnosing the health of power equipment so to optimize the maintenance effort and ensuring maximum availability and reliability.
By the end of this course delegates will be able to:
- Understand typical failure modes associated with power equipment’s
- Understand typically used on- and off- line diagnostic tests for condition monitoring of power equipment’s
- Understand the interrelationships of various on- and off- line diagnostic tests
- Understand the interpretation of test results and computation of health index
DAY 1
Transformer Theory
- Ampere-turns and energy balance
- Turns ratio
- Design fundamentals and constraints
- Leakage Reactance
- Losses
- Ratings
- Voltage regulation
- Types of transformers
- Phasor diagrams
- Connections
- Flux
- Taps
- Impedance
- Two and three winding transformers
- Autotransformers
- Zero sequence impedance
- Standards
- Oil and paper
- Core steel
- Conductors, copper and aluminum
DAY 2
Maintenance
- Preventive maintenance
- Reliability centered maintenance
- Condition-based maintenance
- Combination of condition-based and preventive maintenance
- Recommended standards and references
- Maintenance and test procedures
- Infrared scanning
- Fault and load flow studies/equipment ratings
- Maintenance schedules and documentation
- Safety during maintenance
Day 3
Internal Transformer Construction
- Core
- Windings
- Thermal considerations
- Tap windings
- Tanks
- Drying of paper
- On load tap changers (OLTC)
- Voltage controllers
- De-energized tap changers (DETC)
- Protective devices (on transformer)
- Bushings
- Surge arrestors
- Factory test
- Field tests
- Ratio meter
- Winding resistance
- Voltage impedance
- Power factor
DAY 4
Operation and Maintenance of Power Transformers
- Substation layout
- Earthing
- Abnormal conditions
- Fire protection
- Parallel operation
- Maintenance of Oil Immersed Transformers Oil
- Gas in oil analysis
- Water in oil analysis
- Drying of insulation
- Gaskets
- Infra-red scans
- Maintenance and Troubleshooting Sample operating & maintenance instructions
- Drying technique
- Problem and failure investigations
- Transformer diagnostics
- Transformer troubleshooting
DAY 5
Circuit Breaker Diagnostic and Maintenance
- Diagnostic techniques
- Batteries condition monitoring
- Substation Maintenance Techniques Structures
- Fuses, arresters, switches
- Oil circuit breakers
- Air blast CB
- SF6 and vacuum CB
- Operating mechanisms
- Switchgear maintenance practices
- Troubleshooting guides
- Switchgear electric circuitry troubleshooting
This course is intended for junior & senior electrical and non-electrical engineers, who are involved in the operation, planning, maintenance, protection, control, and analysis of working in power utilities and industrial plants (generation, transmission, and distribution.